新加坡国立大学设计与环境学院新楼

2019年03月13日

学院建筑外观 Rory Gardiner

新加坡国立大学建筑与设计专业所在的院系建筑，除了满足使用者的功能需求外，还致力于展示学院的教学抱负。这一理念在一些建筑中非常明显，如采用了工业化生产逻辑的德绍（Dessau）包浩斯建筑；哈佛GSD的跨学科合作模式的开放工作室；或者AA Georgian Terrace学院内拥有条形立柱和前梁的社交聚集空间。

At its best, faculty buildings that house schools of architecture and design—apart from serving functional needs of its occupants—strive to demonstrate and represent the pedagogical ambitions of the school itself. This is evident in the Bauhaus Building in Dessau that adopted the logic of industrial production; the open studio trays for cross-disciplinary collaboration in Harvard GSD; or the bar and front members rooms as a social condenser in the AA’s Georgian Terrace school.

建筑实现了零能耗 Rory Gardiner

建筑空间布局方便空气流通 Rory Gardiner

建筑南侧立面 Rory Gardiner

SDE（设计与环境学院）意图将设计完工的建筑作为应对热带变化气候的教学工具。建筑师的目的是设计一个零能耗建筑，换句话说，建筑产生的能源与内部消耗的能源数量一致。第二个目的是将建筑作为一个现实中的实验室，用来学习、测试各种技术和应对严酷热带气候的建筑措施。

From the outset, it was clear that SDE intended to use the design and the completed building as a pedagogical tool for tackling the challenges of climate change in the tropics. Here, the focus was on creating a NET Zero energy building—that is to say, the building generates as much if not more energy that it consumes within its building footprint. The second ambition was to use the building as a living laboratory for learning and testing various technologies and architectural responses to the harsh tropical climate.

楼梯入口 Rory Gardiner

出挑的顶面 Rory Gardiner

建筑师的设计重新验证了东南亚本土热带建筑的基本原理，建筑师发现马来西亚房屋具有巨大的出挑屋顶、松散的房间布局引导交叉通风、采用平台将建筑抬离地面等特征。因此，建筑师的回应策略是采用巨大的出挑屋顶为内部房间遮阳，同时在屋顶安装1225个光伏电池用来发电。

Our design is a revalidation of the grammar of vernacular tropical architecture in Southeast Asia, namely that of the Malay House from which we find a large over-sailing roof, the loose accumulation of rooms to allow cross ventilation and the use of platforms to raise the building off the ground. Thus our response was to first employ a large over-sailing roof to protect rooms from the sun and at the same time use this large surface for the installation of 1,225 PV cells for energy generation.

互通的过渡空间增加交流与互动 Rory Gardiner

公共区域的论坛空间 Rory Gardiner

开放工作室和教室空间 Rory Gardiner

楼梯空间 Rory Gardiner

细节 Rory Gardiner

波纹穿孔铝板的可拆卸性允许学生和研究人员测试建筑本身的各种立面系统 Rory Gardiner

第一个学习空间是大面积的连续开放工作室，设计目的是促进学生之间的合作和对他人的工作的好奇心。第二个空间更具思考性，研究人员和研究生使用的一系列小房间环绕着景观空间，第三个空间是中央展示区，它向下延伸到社交广场，在通向建筑和设计工作室的不同路径上都能够看到这里，使得设计对话成为学习的核心活动。第四个空间位于东、西两侧幕墙的后方，用于样品和模型制作。波纹穿孔铝板缓和了东部和西部的强烈阳光，同时也具有可拆卸性，允许学生和研究人员测试建筑本身的各种立面系统。

The first of these is the large and continuous open studio space designed to foster collaboration and instil curiosity in the work of others. The second is more contemplative in nature, designed as a series of smaller rooms surrounded by landscape to be used by researchers and masters level students. A central presentation space is highly visible from various approaches to the building and the design studios. It drops down to peer into the social plaza making design dialog a central activity of learning. The fourth learning space located behind the east and west curtain walls is intended for proto-typing and model making. Soft undulating perforated aluminium panels moderate the harsh western and eastern sun while remaining demountable to allow students and researchers to test various facade systems on the building itself.

进入室内的过渡空间 Rory Gardiner

零能耗建筑一个关键性和技术性的转变是利用最少能量降低建筑温度，这一模式通过复合冷却系统与自然通风实现。复合冷却系统采用了预冷空气系统（与传统的交流冷却系统相比能耗更低）和吊扇。建筑通透、开放、舒适，同时耗能很低。总体而言，该项目是热带建筑设计原理的验证实例，融合了热带地区的节能新技术与思考。

One of the key cultural and technological shifts in this NET Zero energy building is the way the building is cooled with the least amount of energy. This was achieved by using a hybrid system of cooling coupled with natural ventilation. The hybrid cooling uses a combination of tempered air (less energy intensive than conventional AC cooling) with ceiling fans. The resulting architecture is transparent, open, and comfortable, while at the same time requiring very little energy. As a whole the design is a revalidation of the grammar of tropical architecture that fuses new technologies and thinking about energy efficiency in the tropics.