在全球半导体与 AI 技术竞争白热化的当下，东南亚正成为出口管制的敏感地带。关于半导体出口管制问题，新加坡罕见发出明确警告。以下是新加坡眼对该通告的翻译：
新加坡海关和贸易与工业部联合发布的一份联合通告称，新加坡已向企业发出强烈警告，禁止利用新加坡规避其他国家对先进半导体和人工智能技术的出口管制。
这份4月4日发布的公告发布之后，人们越来越担心受限制的半导体技术通过东南亚第三国转移到中国，最近的调查突显出新加坡和马来西亚在潜在的出口管制违规行为中所扮演的角色。
该通告指出：“新加坡政府不容忍企业故意利用与新加坡的关联来规避或违反其他国家的出口管制，这适用于我们所有的贸易伙伴。”
尽管新加坡的出口管制制度主要与多边出口管制制度和联合国安理会制裁保持一致，但该咨询意见特别指出，近年来“一些国家对先进半导体、半导体制造设备和与人工智能相关的技术实施了单边出口管制”。
新加坡对近期有关出口管制违规的报道高度敏感，这在前所未有的警示信号中可见一斑。2 月下旬，新加坡指控三名男子犯有欺诈罪，这些案件据称与受限的英伟达人工智能芯片的转移有关。新加坡律政部长兼内政部长尚达曼称，装有英伟达受限芯片的服务器据称被运往马来西亚，可能涉嫌逃避制裁。此前，新加坡因涉嫌卷入美国对初创企业深鉴科技是否规避美国对英伟达先进芯片限制的调查而受到牵连。
这源于《华尔街日报》3 月份的一篇报道，称中国买家通过附近地区的第三方成功订购了英伟达最新的 Blackwell Al 芯片，交易商表示他们利用“在中国境外注册的实体从马来西亚、越南和中国台湾等地的公司购买英伟达服务器”。
上个月，马来西亚贸易部长滕古·扎弗鲁·阿齐兹（Tengku Zafrul Aziz）对美国消费者新闻与商业频道（CNBC）表示，马来西亚将对任何涉事的国内企业采取“必要行动”，并质疑这些芯片为何会先运往新加坡，因为“这些芯片本就不该在马来西亚”。
新加坡的这份指导意见提醒企业，“从事非法行为可能会导致法律、运营和声誉方面的后果”，并且当局将对从事“欺诈或不诚实行为以规避其应遵守的出口管制”的公司或个人采取行动。
为降低风险，该通知鼓励企业实施健全的内部合规计划，包括“了解你的客户”做法、终端用户筛查和订单筛查程序，以识别潜在的危险信号，例如异常的运输路线。
新加坡是全球半导体制造和贸易的重要枢纽，一直秉持中立立场，同时履行国际义务。该建议强调，新加坡将“继续维护我们作为全球科技和贸易中心的声誉，保障我们商业环境的完整性，并支持合法经营的公司持续获取前沿技术。”
英文原稿如下：
Singapore has issued a strong warning to companies against using the city-state to circumvent other countries’ export controls on advanced semiconductor and artificial intelligence technologies, according to a joint advisory published by Singapore Customs and the Ministry of Trade and Industry.
The 4 April notice comes amid growing concerns about the diversion of restricted semiconductor technologies to China through third countries in Southeast Asia, with recent investigations highlighting Singapore’s and Malaysia’s roles in potential export control violations.
‘The Singapore Government does not condone businesses deliberately using their association with Singapore to circumvent or violate the export controls of other countries,’ the advisory stated. ‘This applies to all our trading partners.’
While Singapore’s export control regime primarily aligns with multilateral export control regimes and UN Security Council sanctions, the advisory specifically acknowledges that ‘several countries have imposed unilateral export controls on advanced semiconductors, semiconductor manufacturing equipment and Al-related technologies’ in recent years.
The unprecedented level of warning signals Singapore’s sensitivity to recent reports of export control violations. In late February, Singapore charged three men with fraud in cases reportedly linked to the movement of restricted Nvidia Al chips. According to Singapore’s Law and Home Affairs Minister K Shanmugam, servers containing Nvidia’s restricted chips were allegedly sent to Malaysia in a possible sanctions evasion scheme. The charges came after Singapore was implicated in a US investigation into whether Chinese start-up DeepSeek had circumvented American restrictions on advanced Nvidia chips.
This follows a Wall Street Journal report in March that Chinese buyers were successfully ordering Nvidia’s newest Blackwell Al chips through third parties in nearby regions, with traders saying they used ‘entities registered outside of China to purchase Nvidia servers from companies in aces such as Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan.’
Last month, Malaysian Trade Minister Tengku Zafrul Aziz told CNBC that his country would take ‘necessary action’ against any domestic companies involved, questioning why the chips would be leaving Singapore in the first place, since ‘the chips are not meant to be in Malaysia’.
Singapore’s advisory warns businesses that ‘engaging in illicit practices can lead to legal, operational and reputational consequences,’ and that authorities will take action against companies or individuals engaged in ‘fraudulent or dishonest practices to evade export controls that they are subject to.’
To mitigate risks, the notice encourages businesses to implement robust internal compliance programmes including Know Your Customer practices, end-user screenings and order screening procedures to identify potential red flags such as abnormal shipping routes.
Singapore, a major global hub for semiconductor manufacturing and trading, has positioned itself as maintaining a neutral stance while adhering to international obligations. The advisory emphasises that Singapore will ‘continue to uphold our reputation as a global hub for technology and trade, safeguard the integrity of our business environment, and support continued access to leading edge technology for legitimate companies operating here.’
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