新加坡讯：新加坡资讯通信媒体发展局（IMDA）因X和TikTok在识别与清除有害网络内容方面存在“严重缺陷”，正式向两家平台发出警告信，并将其纳入强化监管名单。
IMDA于3月31日发布的《2025年在线安全评估报告》指出，X未能有效遏制涉及新加坡用户的儿童性剥削与虐待材料（CSEM），而TikTok则在识别和清除恐怖主义相关内容上出现重大漏洞。
根据IMDA定义，警告信是对受监管实体在监管中发现严重缺陷的正式谴责，并要求其立即采取补救措施。在强化监管框架下，两家平台必须定期向IMDA提交整改进展报告，直至监管方确认问题已彻底解决。
为提升检测能力，两家平台需引入AI技术，识别不良分子针对新加坡用户使用的特定关键词与战术。同时，双方承诺培训人工审核团队，以更精准识别与新加坡相关的CSEM与恐怖主义内容，并加强与科技社群及监管机构的信息共享。
此外，两家平台须于6月30日前向IMDA提交支持性数据，证明其整改措施的有效性。
IMDA警告：“若X或TikTok无法证明已有效提升对CSEM与恐怖内容的防控能力，我们将毫不犹豫地启动《广播法》下的进一步监管行动。”根据该法案，违规平台最高可被处以100万新元罚款，屡犯者还将面临持续追罚。
CSEM案例激增，X被动应对成短板
报告显示，X未能遏制涉及新加坡用户的CSEM案例激增——2024年仅33起，2025年飙升至73起，增幅超120%。尽管IMDA早在2024年已向其通报问题并提供检测指标，X仍仅在收到监管方 flagged 后才删除内容。
其中，68%的案例为协同网络账号发布含CSEM关键词的链接，引导用户跳转至外部托管网站；其余32%为用户自创内容，涉及疑似18岁以下新加坡青少年发布的露骨性图像，其个人资料中常包含明显年龄标识（如出生年份）。
更令人担忧的是，这73起案例平均在平台上滞留9至31周，IMDA直言：“X拥有充足时间主动发现并清除这些内容。”
TikTok恐怖内容“隐身”成谜
2024年，IMDA首次在TikTok上发现新加坡账号传播的恐怖主义内容，2025年共发现17起未被主动识别的案例。部分视频通过剪辑手段，将恐怖组织的影像或音频嵌入看似无害的内容中，甚至将恐怖音频伪装成“原创音效”，使其被纳入平台音效库，供其他用户二次传播。
更讽刺的是，即便用户举报，TikTok系统仍曾误判为“合规内容”，直至IMDA介入才被删除——暴露出其用户举报机制的严重失效。
儿童安全仍存隐患
尽管Facebook、YouTube、Instagram和TikTok在儿童安全功能上有所进步，但报告仍指出：儿童仍可轻易接触到裸露、性主题内容。Facebook与YouTube存在儿童账号浏览成人内容的漏洞；HardwareZone的年龄限制在2025年1月底前极易绕过。
IMDA强调：“在日益复杂的网络风险环境中，社交平台必须持续优先提升儿童安全措施的全面性与有效性，以最大限度减少儿童接触有害内容的机会。”
平台评分：TikTok下滑，HardwareZone逆袭
六家平台（Facebook、HardwareZone、Instagram、TikTok、X、YouTube）均未获得满分5星，但Facebook、Instagram和YouTube因响应用户报告速度提升而保持稳定。HardwareZone更以“用户举报与处理”满分成为唯一全星平台。
然而，TikTok整体评分因举报机制退化而下滑；Instagram与TikTok在儿童安全措施上斩获满分，而HardwareZone仅得2.5星。
X虽在限制未成年人接触成人内容上取得进展，但2025年仍未能主动识别CSEM，暴露其系统性短板。
透明度仍是短板
Facebook、Instagram和YouTube未能提供新加坡本地化的用户报告响应数据，使家长和用户难以准确评估平台安全性。
IMDA表示，将持续密切监控平台动态，并根据网络威胁演变，不断优化监管框架，同时正深入研究如何进一步强化儿童在线安全的强制性要求。
SHARP RISE IN HARMFUL CONTENT
IMDA found that X failed to curb a sharp rise in CSEM cases involving Singapore users. The number of such cases more than doubled from 33 in 2024 to 73 in 2025, despite the regulator informing the platform of the issue in 2024 and sharing detection indicators with them.
The cases of content sharing or linking to CSEM – 68 per cent of the 2025 cases – involved coordinated networks of accounts using terms commonly associated with CSEM, with links that direct Singapore users to external sites hosting CSEM.
The remaining 32 per cent of 2025 cases were self-generated CSEM. These involved accounts sharing posts with self-generated explicit sexual imagery from users in Singapore who were purportedly under 18.
These users included commonly known number patterns on their profile indicating their date of birth or age.
The report also found that a majority of these 73 cases were also on the platform for an extended period of time, ranging from nine to 31 weeks on average.
"X therefore had ample time to proactively detect and remove these cases," said IMDA in its report.
IMDA pointed out that all 73 cases violated X’s own policies against CSEM however, X only removed them after they were flagged by IMDA.
Last year, IMDA detected terrorism content shared by Singapore-based accounts for the first time.
There were 17 such cases of terrorism content shared by Singapore-based accounts on TikTok that were not proactively detected and removed in 2025.
Some videos used edited footage or audio linked to known terrorist organisations that were blended with benign content. In some cases, the terrorism-related audio was also concealed under the platform's "original sound" label, which adds it to TikTok's database for others to use in their posts as well.
According to the report, there were instances where TikTok initially assessed the content as non-violating even after user reports. They were removed only after IMDA intervened.
This demonstrates the weakness of TikTok's user reporting system, said the authority.
IMDA stressed that CSEM and terrorism content are “very egregious harms” that must be proactively detected and swiftly removed before users encounter them, as required under Singapore’s Code of Practice for Online Safety for social media services.
In response to IMDA’s findings, TikTok said it does not allow violent and hateful organisations or individuals on its platform.
It added that in the fourth quarter of 2025, its proactive systems successfully removed over 99 per cent of content violating its policy before it was reported, with over 93 per cent of content being removed within 24 hours.
“As violent extremist methodologies and evasion techniques continue to evolve, so do we. We continually evaluate and strengthen our policies and systems, and are committed to partnering with IMDA under the enhanced supervision scheme,” said TikTok in IMDA's report.
X said it maintains a zero tolerance policy towards child sexual exploitation material, adding that it is deeply committed to child safety.
"We have made meaningful progress in restricting minors’ access to adult content on X, and warmly welcome IMDA’s recognition of this," said the platform in IMDA's report.
